Income and purchasing power

Source

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators, GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) (NY.GNP.PCAP.CD), CC BY 4.0. LifeNaviHub reproduces the published values and does not invent missing observations.

GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) · NY.GNP.PCAP.CD

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators, GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) (NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD), CC BY 4.0. LifeNaviHub reproduces the published values and does not invent missing observations.

GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) · NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD

License: CC BY 4.0

Retrieved: 2026-09-21 · Indicator updated: 2026-07-13

Methodology

Gross national income is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad. This figure is converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, and divided by the midyear population. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

This indicator provides values for gross national income (GNI) per person expressed in current international dollars, converted by purchasing power parities (PPPs). PPPs account for the different price levels across countries and thus PPP-based comparisons of economic output are more appropriate for comparing the output of economies and the average material well-being of their inhabitants than exchange-rate based comparisons. Gross national income is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate. This series has been linked to produce a consistent time series to counteract breaks in series over time due to changes in base years, source data and methodologies. Thus, it may not be comparable with other national accounts series in the database for historical years. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. The PPP conversion factor is a currency conversion factor and a spatial price deflator. PPPs convert different currencies to a common currency and, in the process of conversion, equalize their purchasing power by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries, thereby allowing volume or output comparisons of GDP and its expenditure components.

Upstream sources named by the World Bank

Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)

GNI per capita is not average salary for a person. It is an international comparison measure that divides national income by population.

PPP adjusts for price differences between countries so purchasing power can be compared.